A Few Characteristics of GPS Antenna

GPS Antenna is an important part of the user facility: GPS receiver gets satellite signals and related data through an antenna; the baseline and three-dimensional coordinates vector GPS obtained which used for geodetic measurements, is the result of the coordinate vector between the centers of GPS antenna, plus the antenna height, then after corresponding correction. For the characteristics of the GPS antenna itself, there is inconsistent between geometric center and the electrical phase center. Not only in three directions of the east, north, elevation being a fixed bias, and changes with the altitude and azimuth of GPS satellite receiver. Sometimes this change will bring in a dozens centimeters of error in the elevation direction of, if leave out to be amended, will impact on the measurement results, especially in the high-precision GPS measurements.

 While using GPS for static measurements, conducts short baseline or ultrashort baseline static measurements with the same type of antenna, the GPS antenna in the both ends of the baseline can receive the same number of satellites and signal strength(assuming no environmental interference stations). The electrical phase center of GPS antenna at both ends of baseline has the same changes with GPS satellite receives. This situation can be considered a change in the antenna phase center resulted in a small amount of translation of the baseline. But the baseline length and the corresponding three-dimensional coordinates components are unaffected. So in the baseline resolving there is no need to consider corrections with changes in the antenna phase center.

But when conducting long distance and high-precision measurement with the same type of antenna, the GPS antenna in the both ends of the baseline receives inconsistent satellite, not only the elevation angle, azimuth angle may be different, but the number of the satellites may be different. In this case, corrections with changes in the antenna phase center must be considered when calculating baseline. Carry out high-precision measurement when using of different types of antennas, must consider corrections with the change of antenna phase center.

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